MMarketMath

WBD

Fast growerQuality: Low (36/100)3 red flags

Warner Bros. Discovery · Communication Services · Broadcasting

$28.70

52w 11.25 – 30.00

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$72.1B

P/E

98.6

P/FCF

23.2

FCF yield

4.3%

ROE

2.0%

Shldr yield

0.0%

div 0.0% + bb 0.0%

What today's price assumes

At $72.1B, the market is pricing in 9.7% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew 10.0% per year — expectations are roughly in line with history.

Simple DCF per-share range: $19 · $29 · $36 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 23.6× across 13 years, WBD would trade near $41/share (25th–75th percentile: $21–$58); it trades at 16.7× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+3.3%

Rev 5y

+28.4%

Rev 10y

+19.3%

EPS 5y

−14.1%

EPS 10y

−9.9%

FCF 5y

+5.7%

FCF 10y

+10.0%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2007–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2007: $76.0M
2008: $3.4B
2009: $3.5B
2010: $3.7B
2011: $4.2B
2012: $4.5B
2013: $5.5B
2014: $6.3B
2015: $6.4B
2016: $6.5B
2017: $6.9B
2018: $10.6B
2019: $11.1B
2020: $10.7B
2021: $12.2B
2022: $33.8B
2023: $41.3B
2024: $39.3B
2025: $37.3B
$0$20.0B$40.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Net income

2007: −$68.0M
2008: $317.0M
2009: $549.0M
2010: $653.0M
2011: $1.1B
2012: $943.0M
2013: $1.1B
2014: $1.1B
2015: $1.0B
2016: $1.2B
2017: −$337.0M
2018: $594.0M
2019: $2.1B
2020: $1.2B
2021: $1.0B
2022: −$7.4B
2023: −$3.1B
2024: −$11.3B
2025: $727.0M
−$10.0B−$5.0B$0
07
11
15
19
23

Free cash flow

2007: $11.0M
2008: $471.0M
2009: $587.0M
2010: $619.0M
2011: $1.0B
2012: $1.0B
2013: $1.2B
2014: $1.2B
2015: $1.2B
2016: $1.3B
2017: $1.5B
2018: $2.4B
2019: $3.1B
2020: $2.3B
2021: $2.4B
2022: $3.3B
2023: $6.2B
2024: $4.4B
2025: $3.1B
$0$2.0B$4.0B$6.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2007: 821.0M
2008: 940.8M
2009: 1.2B
2010: 1.3B
2011: 1.2B
2012: 1.1B
2013: 1.1B
2020: 2.0B
2021: 1.9B
2022: 1.9B
2023: 2.4B
2024: 2.5B
2025: 2.5B
01.0B2.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Margins

-50%0%07101316192225
Net marginFCF marginGross margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2010: $605.0M
2011: $997.0M
2012: $1.4B
2013: $1.0B
2014: $1.2B
2015: $698.0M
2016: $1.4B
2017: $603.0M
2018: $0
$0$500.0M$1.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$20.0B$40.0B07101316192225
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $10.4B
Q3'23: $10.0B
Q4'23: $10.3B
Q1'24: $10.0B
Q2'24: $9.7B
Q3'24: $9.6B
Q4'24: $10.0B
Q1'25: $9.0B
Q2'25: $9.8B
Q3'25: $9.0B
Q4'25: $9.5B
Q1'26: $8.9B
Q2'26: $8.7B
$0$5.0B$10.0B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: −$1.2B
Q3'23: −$417.0M
Q4'23: −$400.0M
Q1'24: −$966.0M
Q2'24: −$10.0B
Q3'24: $135.0M
Q4'24: −$494.0M
Q1'25: −$453.0M
Q2'25: $1.6B
Q3'25: −$148.0M
Q4'25: −$252.0M
Q1'26: −$2.9B
Q2'26: $149.0M
−$5.0B$0
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$8.7B−11.2%$149.0M−90.6%0.06$848.0M
Q1'26$8.9B−1.0%−$2.9B-1.17−$208.0M
Q4'25 *$9.5B−5.7%−$252.0M-0.10$1.8B
Q3'25$9.0B−6.0%−$148.0M−209.6%-0.06$979.0M
Q2'25$9.8B+1.0%$1.6B0.63$983.0M
Q1'25$9.0B−9.8%−$453.0M-0.18$553.0M
Q4'24 *$10.0B−2.5%−$494.0M-0.20$2.7B
Q3'24$9.6B−3.6%$135.0M0.05$847.0M
Q2'24$9.7B−6.2%−$10.0B-4.07$1.2B
Q1'24$10.0B−6.9%−$966.0M-0.40$585.0M
Q4'23 *$10.3B−6.6%−$400.0M-0.16$3.6B
Q3'23$10.0B+1.6%−$417.0M-0.17$2.5B
Q2'23$10.4B+5.4%−$1.2B-0.51$2.0B

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+3.3%+28.4%+19.3%+16.6%
Operating cash flow+0.1%+9.5%+12.8%+13.3%
Free cash flow−2.4%+5.7%+10.0%+11.3%
EPS (diluted)−13.9%−14.1%−9.9%−3.8%
Equity−8.6%+28.0%+20.7%+12.4%
LT debt−12.7%+16.2%+15.5%+15.8%
Diluted shares+9.3%+5.2%+7.6%+4.8%
Stock price+29.7%−0.1%+1.2%+1.9%

$100, 3 years ago

$218vs $176 in SPY

29.7% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$100vs $181 in SPY

-0.1% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$113vs $412 in SPY

1.2% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$133vs $813 in SPY

1.9% vs 15.0%/yr

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

6.3%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

4.3%

MC vs 10× OCF

1.66

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

10.5y

SBC / FCF

24.9%

Owner earnings

$2.3B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

3.2%

Share count 5y

+6.5%

per year; negative = buybacks

Capital intensity

17.9%

net PP&E ÷ revenue

Sales efficiency

$0.21

new PP&E per $1 new revenue, 5y

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 165.4% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 3.9% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 6.5% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

10 of 26 checks pass · 38%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

3/7

  • Revenue growth

    28.4% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    -14.1% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    fail
  • FCF growth

    5.7% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Revenue rises consistently

    6 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    fail
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    6 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    fail
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    9.5% vs 28.4% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    fail

Profitability

2/6

  • Net margin

    1.9% · ≥ 8%

    fail
  • Operating margin

    2.0% · ≥ 10%

    fail
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    2.0% · ≥ 12%

    fail
  • Cash ROIC

    6.3% · ≥ 12%

    fail
  • FCF margin

    8.3% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $4.3B vs NI $727.0M · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    pass

Balance Sheet

2/5

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    10.5y · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    fail
  • Cash cushion

    14% · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    fail
  • Leverage

    0.91 · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    pass
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $35.9B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    283% · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    fail

Capital Allocation

1/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    6.5% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    fail
  • Stock comp restrained

    25% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    fail
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    0% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    2 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    fail

Valuation Discipline

2/4

  • FCF yield

    4.3% · ≥ 3%

    pass
  • Earnings multiple

    98.6 · P/E ≤ 25

    fail
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    9.7% vs 10.0% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    pass
  • Shareholder yield

    0.0% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    fail

Red flags

Mechanical checks — a flag is a question to investigate, not a verdict

Revenue declining

Latest fiscal-year revenue fell more than 3% versus the prior year.

Heavy debt load

Long-term debt exceeds 5 years of free cash flow.

Shareholder dilution

Diluted share count has grown by more than 2% per year over ~5 years.

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
202537,2967387270.294,3191,2313,0887694,56632,56735,9192,530
202439,321-10,032-11,311-4.625,3759484,4275575,31239,50534,0372,450
202341,321-1,548-3,126-1.287,4771,3166,1615003,78043,66945,2262,436
202233,817-7,370-7,371-3.824,3049873,3174123,73148,99947,0951,940
202112,1912,0121,0060.532,7983732,4251783,90514,75911,5991,940
202010,6712,5151,2190.622,7394022,3371102,09115,40410,4641,963
201911,1443,0092,0693,3992893,1101421,55215,4199,891
201810,5531,9345942,5761472,42908098616,7938,386
20176,873713-3371,6291351,494603397,30914,7854,610
20166,4972,0581,1941,380881,2921,374693007,9235,167
20156,3941,9851,0341,2941031,191698353907,7355,451
20146,2652,0611,1391,3181201,1981,232783677,1095,602
20135,5351,9751,0751.021,2851151,1701,0491904086,4996,1961,055
20124,4871,8599430.851,099771,0221,3801541,2015,2436,2911,110
20114,1681,8031,1320.961,100581,042997991,0484,2456,5171,183
20103,7061,3776530.52668496196051824663,6186,2251,253
20093,4581,2745490.43642555872286233,4956,1971,242
20083,3821,0643170.34573102471-66943,3315,536941
200776-8-68-0.0858471112094,495821

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.