MMarketMath

VRTX

Fast growerQuality: High (72/100)1 red flag

Vertex Pharmaceuticals · Health Care · Biotechnology

$547.59

52w 374.17 – 555.32

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$138.8B

P/E

34.6

P/FCF

42.9

FCF yield

2.3%

ROE

21.2%

Shldr yield

1.5%

div 0.0% + bb 1.5%

What today's price assumes

At $138.8B, the market is pricing in 18.1% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last five years, FCF actually grew 1.3% per year — the price asks for acceleration beyond the historical record.

Simple DCF per-share range: $158 · $158 · $196 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 36.0× across 11 years, VRTX would trade near $516/share (25th–75th percentile: $400–$637); it trades at 38.2× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+10.4%

Rev 5y

+14.1%

Rev 10y

+27.8%

EPS 5y

+8.3%

EPS 10y

FCF 5y

+1.3%

FCF 10y

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2008–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2008: $175.5M
2009: $101.9M
2010: $143.4M
2011: $1.4B
2012: $1.5B
2013: $1.2B
2014: $580.4M
2015: $1.0B
2016: $1.7B
2017: $2.5B
2018: $3.0B
2019: $4.2B
2020: $6.2B
2021: $7.6B
2022: $8.9B
2023: $9.9B
2024: $11.0B
2025: $12.0B
$0$5.0B$10.0B
08
11
14
17
20
23

Net income

2008: −$459.9M
2009: −$642.2M
2010: −$754.6M
2011: $29.6M
2012: −$107.0M
2013: −$445.0M
2014: −$738.6M
2015: −$556.3M
2016: −$112.1M
2017: $263.5M
2018: $2.1B
2019: $1.2B
2020: $2.7B
2021: $2.3B
2022: $3.3B
2023: $3.6B
2024: −$535.6M
2025: $4.0B
$0$2.0B
08
11
14
17
20
23

Free cash flow

2008: −$258.7M
2009: −$451.1M
2010: −$673.5M
2011: $109.1M
2012: $196.7M
2013: −$112.1M
2014: −$624.3M
2015: −$410.7M
2016: $179.5M
2017: $745.5M
2018: $1.2B
2019: $1.5B
2020: $3.0B
2021: $2.4B
2022: $3.9B
2023: $3.3B
2024: −$790.3M
2025: $3.2B
$0$2.0B
08
11
14
17
20
23

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2008: 140.6M
2009: 173.3M
2010: 200.4M
2011: 208.8M
2012: 215.3M
2013: 224.9M
2014: 235.3M
2015: 241.3M
2016: 244.7M
2017: 253.2M
2018: 259.2M
2019: 260.7M
2020: 263.4M
2021: 259.9M
2022: 259.1M
2023: 260.5M
2024: 257.9M
2025: 258.0M
0100.0M200.0M
08
11
14
17
20
23

Margins

-500%-250%0%081114172023
Net marginFCF marginGross margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2016: $0
2017: $0
2018: $350.0M
2019: $186.0M
2020: $539.1M
2021: $1.4B
2022: $0
2023: $427.6M
2024: $1.2B
2025: $2.0B
$0$1.0B$2.0B
08
11
14
17
20
23

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$5.0B$10.0B081114172023
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $2.5B
Q3'23: $2.5B
Q4'23: $2.5B
Q1'24: $2.7B
Q2'24: $2.6B
Q3'24: $2.8B
Q4'24: $2.9B
Q1'25: $2.8B
Q2'25: $3.0B
Q3'25: $3.1B
Q4'25: $3.2B
Q1'26: $3.0B
Q2'26: $3.3B
$0$1.0B$2.0B$3.0B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: $915.7M
Q3'23: $1.0B
Q4'23: $968.8M
Q1'24: $1.1B
Q2'24: −$3.6B
Q3'24: $1.0B
Q4'24: $913.0M
Q1'25: $646.3M
Q2'25: $1.0B
Q3'25: $1.1B
Q4'25: $1.2B
Q1'26: $1.0B
Q2'26: $1.1B
−$2.0B$0
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$3.3B+12.5%$1.1B+6.5%4.31$1.1B
Q1'26$3.0B+7.8%$1.0B+59.6%4.02$1.4B
Q4'25 *$3.2B+9.5%$1.2B+30.5%4.64$498.0M
Q3'25$3.1B+11.0%$1.1B+3.6%4.20$1.2B
Q2'25$3.0B+12.1%$1.0B3.99$1.1B
Q1'25$2.8B+3.0%$646.3M−41.2%2.49$818.9M
Q4'24 *$2.9B+15.7%$913.0M−5.8%3.62$584.6M
Q3'24$2.8B+11.6%$1.0B+1.0%4.01$1.4B
Q2'24$2.6B+6.1%−$3.6B−492.4%-13.92−$3.8B
Q1'24$2.7B+13.3%$1.1B+57.1%4.21$1.3B
Q4'23 *$2.5B+9.3%$968.8M+18.3%3.71$234.6M
Q3'23$2.5B+6.4%$1.0B+11.3%3.97$1.3B
Q2'23$2.5B+13.5%$915.7M+13.0%3.52$1.1B

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+10.4%+14.1%+27.8%+34.3%
Operating cash flow−4.2%+2.2%+22.2%
Free cash flow−6.6%+1.3%+23.9%
EPS (diluted)+6.1%+8.3%+39.8%
Equity+10.3%+16.5%+34.8%+27.2%
LT debt
Diluted shares−0.1%−0.4%+0.7%+1.7%
Stock price+16.3%+22.3%+19.2%+18.1%

$100, 3 years ago

$157vs $176 in SPY

16.3% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$273vs $181 in SPY

22.3% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$579vs $412 in SPY

19.2% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$1,210vs $813 in SPY

18.1% vs 15.0%/yr

The $1 test — market value created per $1 of earnings retained (Buffett's hurdle: at least $1)

Last 5 years

$4.79

$60.9B created / $12.7B retained

Last 10 years

$5.27

$99.3B created / $18.8B retained

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

19.5%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

2.8%

MC vs 10× OCF

3.77

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

SBC / FCF

21.5%

Owner earnings

$2.5B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

1.8%

Share count 5y

+3.6%

per year; negative = buybacks

Capital intensity

net PP&E ÷ revenue

Sales efficiency

$0.06

new PP&E per $1 new revenue, 5y

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 80.9% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 3.5% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 2.8% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

17 of 26 checks pass · 65%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

5/7

  • Revenue growth

    14.1% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    8.3% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • FCF growth

    1.3% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    fail
  • Revenue rises consistently

    9 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    pass
  • FCF consistently positive

    9 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    8 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    2.2% vs 14.1% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    fail

Profitability

5/6

  • Net margin

    32.9% · ≥ 8%

    pass
  • Operating margin

    34.8% · ≥ 10%

    pass
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    21.2% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • Cash ROIC

    19.5% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • FCF margin

    26.6% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $3.6B vs NI $4.0B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    fail

Balance Sheet

5/5

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    no debt · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    pass
  • Cash cushion

    · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    pass
  • Leverage

    · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    pass
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $18.7B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    0% · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    pass

Capital Allocation

2/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    3.6% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    fail
  • Stock comp restrained

    21% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    fail
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    63% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    7 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    pass

Valuation Discipline

0/4

  • FCF yield

    2.3% · ≥ 3%

    fail
  • Earnings multiple

    34.6 · P/E ≤ 25

    fail
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    18.1% vs 1.3% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    fail
  • Shareholder yield

    1.5% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    fail

Red flags

Mechanical checks — a flag is a question to investigate, not a verdict

Shareholder dilution

Diluted share count has grown by more than 2% per year over ~5 years.

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
202512,0014,1733,95315.323,6314383,1942,0176865,08518,666258
202411,020-233-536-2.08-493298-7901,1776994,57016,410258
20239,8693,8323,62013.893,5372003,33742858110,36917,580261
20228,9314,3073,32212.824,1302053,925049110,50413,913259
20217,5742,7822,3429.012,6442352,4091,4254416,79510,100260
20206,2062,8562,71210.293,2542602,9945394305,9888,687263
20194,1631,1981,1774.511,569751,4941863613,1096,085261
20183,0486352,0978.091,270951,1753503252,6504,435259
20172,4891232631.048459974602931,6652,029253
20161,70210-112-0.462365718002411,1841,157245
20151,032-467-556-2.31-36545-411231715940241
2014580-692-739-3.14-57351-6241786251,075235
20131,212-610-445-1.98-6151-1121275691,356225
20121,52747-107-0.5026871197114489999215
20111,411114300.1414435109118475787209
2010143-696-755-3.77-63538-67391243504200
2009102-614-642-3.71-42823-451874471,096173
2008176-463-460-3.27-22632-25958389239141

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.