MMarketMath

TRV

StalwartQuality: High (82/100)

Travelers Companies (The) · Financials · Property & Casualty Insurance

$370.55

52w 252.26 – 398.70

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$77.3B

P/E

12.3

P/FCF

7.3

FCF yield

13.7%

ROE

19.1%

Shldr yield

5.2%

div 1.3% + bb 3.9%

What today's price assumes

At $77.3B, the market is pricing in -6.4% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew 11.9% per year — expectations look undemanding relative to history.

Simple DCF per-share range: $775 · $1,388 · $1,731 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 6.1× across 19 years, TRV would trade near $310/share (25th–75th percentile: $281–$348); it trades at 7.3× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+9.8%

Rev 5y

+8.8%

Rev 10y

+6.2%

EPS 5y

+21.1%

EPS 10y

+9.7%

FCF 5y

+10.2%

FCF 10y

+11.9%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2007–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2007: $26.0B
2008: $24.5B
2009: $24.7B
2010: $25.1B
2011: $25.4B
2012: $25.7B
2013: $26.2B
2014: $27.2B
2015: $26.8B
2016: $27.6B
2017: $28.9B
2018: $30.3B
2019: $31.6B
2020: $32.0B
2021: $34.8B
2022: $36.9B
2023: $41.4B
2024: $46.4B
2025: $48.8B
$0$20.0B$40.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Net income

2008: $2.9B
2009: $3.6B
2010: $3.2B
2011: $1.4B
2012: $2.5B
2013: $3.7B
2014: $3.7B
2015: $3.4B
2016: $3.0B
2017: $2.1B
2018: $2.5B
2019: $2.6B
2020: $2.7B
2021: $3.7B
2022: $2.8B
2023: $3.0B
2024: $5.0B
2025: $6.3B
$0$2.0B$4.0B$6.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Free cash flow

2007: $5.3B
2008: $3.1B
2009: $4.2B
2010: $3.1B
2011: $2.2B
2012: $3.2B
2013: $3.8B
2014: $3.7B
2015: $3.4B
2016: $4.5B
2017: $4.1B
2018: $4.4B
2019: $5.2B
2020: $6.5B
2021: $7.3B
2022: $6.5B
2023: $7.7B
2024: $9.1B
2025: $10.6B
$0$5.0B$10.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2007: 668.6M
2008: 604.3M
2009: 568.6M
2010: 482.5M
2011: 420.5M
2012: 389.8M
2013: 374.3M
2014: 342.5M
2015: 313.9M
2016: 291.0M
2017: 278.6M
2018: 269.8M
2019: 262.3M
2020: 254.6M
2021: 250.8M
2022: 239.7M
2023: 232.2M
2024: 231.1M
2025: 227.6M
0200.0M400.0M600.0M
07
11
15
19
23

Margins

5%10%15%20%07101316192225
Net marginFCF margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2013: $3.1B
2014: $4.0B
2015: $3.9B
2016: $3.2B
2017: $2.2B
2018: $2.1B
2019: $2.3B
2020: $1.5B
2021: $3.0B
2022: $2.9B
2023: $1.9B
2024: $2.0B
2025: $4.0B
$0$2.0B$4.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$2.0B$4.0B$6.0B07101316192225
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $10.1B
Q3'23: $10.6B
Q4'23: $10.9B
Q1'24: $11.2B
Q2'24: $11.3B
Q3'24: $11.9B
Q4'24: $12.0B
Q1'25: $11.8B
Q2'25: $12.1B
Q3'25: $12.5B
Q4'25: $12.4B
Q1'26: $11.9B
Q2'26: $12.2B
$0$5.0B$10.0B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: −$14.0M
Q3'23: $404.0M
Q4'23: $1.6B
Q1'24: $1.1B
Q2'24: $534.0M
Q3'24: $1.3B
Q4'24: $2.1B
Q1'25: $395.0M
Q2'25: $1.5B
Q3'25: $1.9B
Q4'25: $2.5B
Q1'26: $1.7B
Q2'26: $2.2B
$0$1.0B$2.0B
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$12.2B+0.3%$2.2B+46.3%10.26$1.9B
Q1'26$11.9B+1.0%$1.7B+333.2%7.78$2.2B
Q4'25 *$12.4B+3.5%$2.5B+19.9%10.96$2.7B
Q3'25$12.5B+4.8%$1.9B+49.8%8.24$4.2B
Q2'25$12.1B+7.4%$1.5B+182.6%6.53$2.3B
Q1'25$11.8B+5.2%$395.0M−64.8%1.70$1.4B
Q4'24 *$12.0B+9.9%$2.1B+28.0%8.96$2.1B
Q3'24$11.9B+11.9%$1.3B+211.9%5.42$3.9B
Q2'24$11.3B+11.7%$534.0M2.29$1.7B
Q1'24$11.2B+15.7%$1.1B+15.2%4.80$1.5B
Q4'23 *$10.9B+13.4%$1.6B+98.5%6.99$2.1B
Q3'23$10.6B+14.3%$404.0M−11.0%1.74$3.0B
Q2'23$10.1B+10.5%−$14.0M−102.5%-0.07$1.5B

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+9.8%+8.8%+6.2%+4.5%
Operating cash flow+17.9%+10.2%+11.9%+8.7%
Free cash flow+17.9%+10.2%+11.9%+8.7%
EPS (diluted)+32.6%+21.1%+9.7%+9.9%
Equity+15.1%+2.4%+3.4%+1.7%
LT debt−2.2%−1.0%
Diluted shares−1.7%−2.2%−3.2%−4.9%
Stock price+34.4%+20.7%+14.5%+16.8%

$100, 3 years ago

$243vs $176 in SPY

34.4% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$256vs $181 in SPY

20.7% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$387vs $412 in SPY

14.5% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$1,032vs $813 in SPY

16.8% vs 15.0%/yr

The $1 test — market value created per $1 of earnings retained (Buffett's hurdle: at least $1)

Last 5 years

$2.04

$33.1B created / $16.2B retained

Last 10 years

$1.50

$37.5B created / $25.1B retained

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

32.2%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

13.9%

MC vs 10× OCF

0.73

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

SBC / FCF

2.4%

Owner earnings

$10.3B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

13.4%

Share count 5y

−5.8%

per year; negative = buybacks

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 8.7% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 114.4% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 9.9% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

24 of 24 checks pass · 100%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

7/7

  • Revenue growth

    8.8% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    21.1% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • FCF growth

    10.2% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Revenue rises consistently

    9 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    pass
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    10 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    10.2% vs 8.8% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    pass

Profitability

5/5

  • Net margin

    12.9% · ≥ 8%

    pass
  • Operating margin

    · ≥ 10%

    na
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    19.1% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • Cash ROIC

    32.2% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • FCF margin

    21.7% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $10.6B vs NI $6.3B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    pass

Balance Sheet

4/4

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    no debt · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    pass
  • Cash cushion

    · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    pass
  • Leverage

    · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    pass
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $32.9B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    na

Capital Allocation

4/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    -5.8% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    pass
  • Stock comp restrained

    2% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    pass
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    38% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    10 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    pass

Valuation Discipline

4/4

  • FCF yield

    13.7% · ≥ 3%

    pass
  • Earnings multiple

    12.3 · P/E ≤ 25

    pass
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    -6.4% vs 11.9% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    pass
  • Shareholder yield

    5.2% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    pass

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
202548,8286,28827.4310,60610,6069793,00425684232,894228
202446,4234,99921.479,0749,0749511,00326069927,864231
202341,3642,99112.797,7117,71190895821465024,921232
202236,8842,84211.776,4656,4658752,00018379921,560240
202134,8163,66214.497,2747,2748692,15616276128,887251
202031,9812,69710.526,5196,51986162514872129,201255
201931,5812,6229.925,2055,2058441,50014249425,943262
201830,2822,5239.284,3804,3808141,27014037322,894270
201728,9022,0567.334,1484,1487851,37813634423,731279
201627,6253,01410.284,4694,4697572,40015530723,221291
201526,8153,43910.883,4343,4347393,15014123,598314
201427,1743,6413,69210.703,6933,6937293,2751385,86124,836343
201326,1913,5673,6739.743,8163,8167292,4001296,26124,796374
201225,7402,4412,4736.303,2303,2301205,76125,405390
201125,4461,3901,4263.362,1692,1691216,26924,477421
201025,1123,0433,2166.623,0543,0541286,51925,475483
200924,6803,6003,6226.334,2314,2311276,16527,415569
200824,4772,9244.813,1383,13812325,319604
200726,0176.855,2865,28626,616669

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.