MMarketMath

ROST

Fast growerQuality: High (85/100)

Ross Stores · Consumer Discretionary · Apparel Retail

$241.52

52w 143.39 – 257.00

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$77.5B

P/E

35.7

P/FCF

34.7

FCF yield

2.9%

ROE

34.7%

Shldr yield

2.1%

div 0.7% + bb 1.4%

What today's price assumes

At $77.5B, the market is pricing in 15.2% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew 8.7% per year — the price asks for acceleration beyond the historical record.

Simple DCF per-share range: $105 · $148 · $184 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 15.9× across 18 years, ROST would trade near $150/share (25th–75th percentile: $121–$166); it trades at 25.6× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+6.8%

Rev 5y

+12.7%

Rev 10y

+6.7%

EPS 5y

+94.1%

EPS 10y

+10.2%

FCF 5y

+3.7%

FCF 10y

+8.7%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2009–2026, from SEC filings

Revenue

2009: $6.5B
2010: $7.2B
2011: $7.9B
2012: $8.6B
2013: $9.7B
2014: $10.2B
2015: $11.0B
2016: $11.9B
2017: $12.9B
2018: $14.1B
2019: $15.0B
2020: $16.0B
2021: $12.5B
2022: $18.9B
2023: $18.7B
2024: $20.4B
2025: $21.1B
2026: $22.8B
$0$10.0B$20.0B
09
12
15
18
21
24

Net income

2009: $305.4M
2010: $442.8M
2011: $554.8M
2012: $657.2M
2013: $786.8M
2014: $837.3M
2015: $924.7M
2016: $1.0B
2017: $1.1B
2018: $1.4B
2019: $1.6B
2020: $1.7B
2021: $85.4M
2022: $1.7B
2023: $1.5B
2024: $1.9B
2025: $2.1B
2026: $2.1B
$0$1.0B$2.0B
09
12
15
18
21
24

Free cash flow

2009: $359.0M
2010: $729.9M
2011: $474.4M
2012: $403.8M
2013: $555.2M
2014: $471.5M
2015: $726.2M
2016: $959.3M
2017: $1.3B
2018: $1.3B
2019: $1.7B
2020: $1.6B
2021: $1.8B
2022: $1.2B
2023: $1.0B
2024: $1.8B
2025: $1.6B
2026: $2.2B
$0$1.0B$2.0B
09
12
15
18
21
24

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2009: 484.4M
2010: 484.4M
2011: 464.6M
2012: 445.6M
2013: 431.6M
2014: 431.6M
2015: 418.1M
2016: 406.4M
2017: 395.0M
2018: 384.3M
2019: 372.7M
2020: 361.2M
2021: 354.6M
2022: 353.7M
2023: 345.2M
2024: 337.4M
2025: 331.0M
2026: 324.4M
0200.0M400.0M
09
12
15
18
21
24

Margins

0%5%10%15%091215182124
Net marginFCF marginGross margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2009: $349.8M
2010: $355.2M
2011: $452.3M
2012: $552.0M
2013: $575.7M
2014: $697.9M
2015: $718.5M
2016: $892.3M
2017: $914.6M
2018: $1.1B
2019: $1.4B
2020: $1.6B
2021: $233.9M
2022: $1.1B
2023: $1.4B
2024: $1.4B
2025: $1.5B
2026: $1.6B
$0$500.0M$1.0B$1.5B
09
12
15
18
21
24

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$2.0B$4.0B091215182124
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q1'24: $4.5B
Q2'24: $4.9B
Q3'24: $4.9B
Q4'24: $6.0B
Q1'25: $4.9B
Q2'25: $5.3B
Q3'25: $5.1B
Q4'25: $5.9B
Q1'26: $5.0B
Q2'26: $5.5B
Q3'26: $5.6B
Q4'26: $6.6B
Q1'27: $6.0B
$0$2.0B$4.0B$6.0B
24
24
25
26
27

Net income by quarter

Q1'24: $371.2M
Q2'24: $446.3M
Q3'24: $447.3M
Q4'24: $609.7M
Q1'25: $488.0M
Q2'25: $527.1M
Q3'25: $488.8M
Q4'25: $586.8M
Q1'26: $479.2M
Q2'26: $508.0M
Q3'26: $511.9M
Q4'26: $645.9M
Q1'27: $650.0M
$0$200.0M$400.0M$600.0M
24
24
25
26
27
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q1'27$6.0B+20.6%$650.0M+35.6%2.02$836.0M
Q4'26 *$6.6B+12.2%$645.9M+10.1%2.00$1.1B
Q3'26$5.6B+10.4%$511.9M+4.7%1.58$827.1M
Q2'26$5.5B+4.6%$508.0M−3.6%1.56$668.4M
Q1'26$5.0B+2.6%$479.2M−1.8%1.47$409.7M
Q4'25 *$5.9B−1.8%$586.8M−3.8%1.79$882.6M
Q3'25$5.1B+3.0%$488.8M+9.3%1.48$513.4M
Q2'25$5.3B+7.1%$527.1M+18.1%1.59$592.1M
Q1'25$4.9B+8.1%$488.0M+31.5%1.46$368.9M
Q4'24 *$6.0B+15.5%$609.7M+36.4%1.82$948.8M
Q3'24$4.9B+7.9%$447.3M+30.8%1.33$449.5M
Q2'24$4.9B+7.7%$446.3M+16.1%1.32$703.1M
Q1'24$4.5B+3.7%$371.2M+9.7%1.09$413.2M

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+6.8%+12.7%+6.7%+7.3%
Operating cash flow+21.5%+6.1%+8.6%+10.5%
Free cash flow+28.7%+3.7%+8.7%+10.8%
EPS (diluted)+14.7%+94.1%+10.2%+12.1%
Equity+13.0%+13.5%+9.6%+10.8%
LT debt−25.4%−16.1%+9.9%+13.6%
Diluted shares−2.1%−1.8%−2.2%−2.4%
Stock price+26.9%+16.6%+15.6%+19.6%

$100, 3 years ago

$204vs $176 in SPY

26.9% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$216vs $181 in SPY

16.6% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$427vs $412 in SPY

15.6% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$1,458vs $813 in SPY

19.6% vs 15.0%/yr

The $1 test — market value created per $1 of earnings retained (Buffett's hurdle: at least $1)

Last 5 years

$3.91

$27.5B created / $7.0B retained

Last 10 years

$4.00

$46.3B created / $11.6B retained

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

42.0%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

4.1%

MC vs 10× OCF

2.53

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

0.5y

SBC / FCF

7.9%

Owner earnings

$2.0B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

2.7%

Share count 5y

−2.3%

per year; negative = buybacks

Capital intensity

18.0%

net PP&E ÷ revenue

Sales efficiency

$0.13

new PP&E per $1 new revenue, 5y

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 14.9% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 46.2% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 6.9% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

20 of 25 checks pass · 80%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

5/7

  • Revenue growth

    12.7% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    94.1% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • FCF growth

    3.7% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    fail
  • Revenue rises consistently

    7 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    pass
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    10 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    6.1% vs 12.7% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    fail

Profitability

6/6

  • Net margin

    9.4% · ≥ 8%

    pass
  • Operating margin

    11.9% · ≥ 10%

    pass
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    34.7% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • Cash ROIC

    42.0% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • FCF margin

    9.7% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $3.0B vs NI $2.1B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    pass

Balance Sheet

4/4

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    0.5y · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    pass
  • Cash cushion

    451% · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    pass
  • Leverage

    0.16 · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    pass
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $6.2B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    na

Capital Allocation

4/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    -2.3% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    pass
  • Stock comp restrained

    8% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    pass
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    71% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    10 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    pass

Valuation Discipline

1/4

  • FCF yield

    2.9% · ≥ 3%

    fail
  • Earnings multiple

    35.7 · P/E ≤ 25

    fail
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    15.2% vs 8.7% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    fail
  • Shareholder yield

    2.1% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    pass

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
202622,7512,7072,1456.613,0278192,2085281,0501754,5941,0186,187324
202521,1292,5862,0916.322,3577201,6374891,0501564,7311,5155,509331
202420,3772,3081,8755.562,5147631,7524559501454,8722,2114,871337
202318,6961,9901,5124.381,6896541,0354319501224,5522,4574,289345
202218,9161,7234.871,7395581,1814056501344,9222,4524,060354
202112,532850.242,2464051,8411011321024,8192,4483,291355
202016,0391,6614.602,1725551,6163701,275951,3513133,359361
201914,9841,5874.262,0674141,6533371,075961,4133123,306373
201814,1351,3633.551,6813711,310248875871,2903123,049384
201712,8671,1182.831,5592981,261215700751,1123962,748395
201611,9401,0212.511,326367959192700717623962,472406
201511,0429252.211,373647726168550536973962,279418
201410,2308371.941,022551471148550474231502,007432
20139,7217871.82980424555126450496471501,767432
20128,6086571.48820416404102450406501501,493446
20117,8665551.1967319947477375378341501,333465
20107,1844430.9188815873055300267681501,157484
20096,4863050.635832243595030023321996484

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.