MMarketMath

PSX

Fast growerQuality: High (75/100)1 red flag

Phillips 66 · Energy · Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing

$241.96

52w 126.74 – 246.95

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$96.5B

P/E

22.0

P/FCF

19.5

FCF yield

5.1%

ROE

15.1%

Shldr yield

3.2%

div 2.0% + bb 1.2%

What today's price assumes

At $96.5B, the market is pricing in 7.4% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew -1.4% per year — the price asks for acceleration beyond the historical record.

Simple DCF per-share range: $128 · $128 · $159 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 6.6× across 15 years, PSX would trade near $82/share (25th–75th percentile: $62–$129); it trades at 19.5× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

−8.0%

Rev 5y

+15.6%

Rev 10y

+3.0%

EPS 5y

EPS 10y

+3.4%

FCF 5y

+18.6%

FCF 10y

−1.4%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2010–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2010: $146.6B
2011: $195.9B
2012: $179.3B
2013: $171.6B
2014: $161.2B
2015: $99.0B
2016: $84.3B
2017: $102.4B
2018: $111.5B
2019: $107.3B
2020: $64.1B
2021: $111.5B
2022: $170.0B
2023: $147.4B
2024: $143.2B
2025: $132.4B
$0$50.0B$100.0B$150.0B
10
13
16
19
22
25

Net income

2010: $735.0M
2011: $4.8B
2012: $4.1B
2013: $3.7B
2014: $4.8B
2015: $4.2B
2016: $1.6B
2017: $5.1B
2018: $5.6B
2019: $3.1B
2020: −$4.0B
2021: $1.3B
2022: $11.0B
2023: $7.0B
2024: $2.1B
2025: $4.4B
$0$5.0B$10.0B
10
13
16
19
22
25

Free cash flow

2010: $2.1B
2011: $5.0B
2012: $4.3B
2013: $6.0B
2014: $3.5B
2015: $5.7B
2016: $3.0B
2017: $3.6B
2018: $7.6B
2019: $4.8B
2020: $2.1B
2021: $6.0B
2022: $10.8B
2023: $7.0B
2024: $4.2B
2025: $5.0B
$0$5.0B$10.0B
10
13
16
19
22
25

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2010: 634.6M
2011: 634.6M
2012: 636.8M
2013: 619.0M
2014: 571.5M
2015: 547.0M
2016: 530.1M
2017: 518.5M
2018: 474.0M
2019: 453.9M
2020: 439.5M
2021: 440.4M
2022: 473.7M
2023: 453.2M
2024: 421.9M
2025: 408.1M
0200.0M400.0M600.0M
10
13
16
19
22
25

Margins

-5%0%5%1012141618202224
Net marginFCF margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2010: $0
2011: $0
2012: $638.0M
2013: $3.1B
2014: $3.3B
2015: $2.7B
2016: $2.3B
2017: $3.0B
2018: $6.1B
2019: $3.2B
2020: $2.0B
2021: $1.6B
2022: $3.3B
2023: $5.9B
2024: $5.3B
2025: $3.1B
$0$2.0B$4.0B$6.0B
10
13
16
19
22
25

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$10.0B$20.0B1012141618202224
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $35.1B
Q3'23: $39.6B
Q4'23: $38.3B
Q1'24: $35.8B
Q2'24: $38.1B
Q3'24: $35.5B
Q4'24: $33.7B
Q1'25: $30.4B
Q2'25: $33.3B
Q3'25: $34.5B
Q4'25: $34.1B
Q1'26: $32.5B
Q2'26: $51.0B
$0$20.0B$40.0B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: $1.7B
Q3'23: $2.1B
Q4'23: $1.3B
Q1'24: $748.0M
Q2'24: $1.0B
Q3'24: $346.0M
Q4'24: $8.0M
Q1'25: $487.0M
Q2'25: $877.0M
Q3'25: $133.0M
Q4'25: $2.9B
Q1'26: $207.0M
Q2'26: $3.8B
$0$1.0B$2.0B$3.0B
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$51.0B+53.1%$3.8B+338.7%9.55$7.3B
Q1'26$32.5B+6.9%$207.0M−57.5%0.51−$2.3B
Q4'25 *$34.1B+1.3%$2.9B+36225.0%7.14$2.8B
Q3'25$34.5B−2.9%$133.0M−61.6%0.32$1.2B
Q2'25$33.3B−12.6%$877.0M−13.6%2.15$845.0M
Q1'25$30.4B−15.0%$487.0M−34.9%1.18$187.0M
Q4'24 *$33.7B−12.0%$8.0M−99.4%0.06$1.2B
Q3'24$35.5B−10.4%$346.0M−83.5%0.82$1.1B
Q2'24$38.1B+8.7%$1.0B−40.2%2.38$2.1B
Q1'24$35.8B+4.1%$748.0M−61.9%1.73−$236.0M
Q4'23 *$38.3B−5.0%$1.3B−33.1%2.87$2.2B
Q3'23$39.6B−11.8%$2.1B−61.1%4.69$2.7B
Q2'23$35.1B−27.8%$1.7B−46.4%3.72$955.0M

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue−8.0%+15.6%+3.0%−0.7%
Operating cash flow−22.9%+18.6%−1.4%+5.9%
Free cash flow−22.9%+18.6%−1.4%+5.9%
EPS (diluted)−22.6%+8.1%+3.4%+16.0%
Equity−0.5%+8.9%+2.3%+0.7%
LT debt+3.9%+4.6%+7.8%
Diluted shares−4.9%−1.5%−2.9%−2.9%
Stock price+32.5%+32.3%+16.1%

$100, 3 years ago

$233vs $176 in SPY

32.5% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$406vs $181 in SPY

32.3% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$446vs $412 in SPY

16.1% vs 15.2%/yr

The $1 test — market value created per $1 of earnings retained (Buffett's hurdle: at least $1)

Last 5 years

$2.00

$33.5B created / $16.8B retained

Last 10 years

$1.34

$28.1B created / $20.9B retained

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

10.4%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

4.3%

MC vs 10× OCF

1.95

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

3.8y

SBC / FCF

4.4%

Owner earnings

$4.7B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

4.9%

Share count 5y

−2.9%

per year; negative = buybacks

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 46.3% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 18.7% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 8.6% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

16 of 23 checks pass · 70%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

5/6

  • Revenue growth

    15.6% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    na
  • FCF growth

    18.6% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Revenue rises consistently

    4 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    fail
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    9 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    18.6% vs 15.6% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    pass

Profitability

2/5

  • Net margin

    3.3% · ≥ 8%

    fail
  • Operating margin

    · ≥ 10%

    na
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    15.1% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • Cash ROIC

    10.4% · ≥ 12%

    fail
  • FCF margin

    3.7% · ≥ 5%

    fail
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $5.0B vs NI $4.4B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    pass

Balance Sheet

2/4

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    3.8y · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    fail
  • Cash cushion

    6% · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    fail
  • Leverage

    0.64 · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    pass
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $29.1B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    na

Capital Allocation

4/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    -2.9% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    pass
  • Stock comp restrained

    4% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    pass
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    63% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    9 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    pass

Valuation Discipline

3/4

  • FCF yield

    5.1% · ≥ 3%

    pass
  • Earnings multiple

    22.0 · P/E ≤ 25

    pass
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    7.4% vs -1.4% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    fail
  • Shareholder yield

    3.2% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    pass

Red flags

Mechanical checks — a flag is a question to investigate, not a verdict

Revenue declining

Latest fiscal-year revenue fell more than 3% versus the prior year.

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
2025132,3764,40310.794,9624,9621,9221,2072201,11618,67829,093408
2024143,1532,1174.994,1914,1911,8823,4512101,73818,23127,408422
2023147,3997,01515.487,0297,0291,8824,0142973,32317,87730,583453
2022169,99011,02423.2710,81310,8131,7931,5132106,13316,66129,494474
2021111,4761,3172.976,0176,0171,58501443,14712,95919,166440
202064,129-3,975-9.062,1112,1111,5754431272,51414,90618,984440
2019107,2933,0766.774,8084,8081,5701,6501691,61411,21624,910454
2018111,4615,59511.807,5737,5731,4364,6451003,01911,09324,653474
2017102,3545,1069.853,6483,6481,3951,5901423,11910,06925,085519
201684,2791,5552.922,9632,9631,2821,0421562,7119,58822,390530
201598,9754,2277.735,7135,7131,1721,5121443,0748,84323,100547
2014161,2124,7628.333,5293,5291,0622,2821345,2072821,590572
2013171,5963,7266.026,0276,0278072,2461325,4006,13121,950619
2012179,2904,1246.484,2964,296282356943,4746,96120,775637
2011195,9314,7757.525,0065,0060046036123,264635
2010146,5617351.162,0922,0920044026,026635

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.