MMarketMath

O

Fast growerQuality: High (75/100)1 red flag

Realty Income · Real Estate · Retail REITs

$63.17

52w 55.86 – 67.94

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$59.8B

P/E

56.5

P/FCF

15.5

FCF yield

6.5%

ROE

2.7%

Shldr yield

4.9%

div 4.9% + bb 0.0%

What today's price assumes

At $59.8B, the market is pricing in 4.2% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew 20.2% per year — expectations look undemanding relative to history.

Simple DCF per-share range: $62 · $140 · $201 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 13.4× across 14 years, O would trade near $57/share (25th–75th percentile: $48–$60); it trades at 15.0× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+19.8%

Rev 5y

+28.4%

Rev 10y

+20.5%

EPS 5y

+0.5%

EPS 10y

+6.0%

FCF 5y

+28.4%

FCF 10y

+20.2%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2008–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2008: $325.0M
2009: $322.6M
2010: $343.5M
2011: $421.1M
2016: $1.1B
2017: $1.2B
2018: $1.3B
2019: $1.5B
2020: $1.6B
2021: $2.1B
2022: $3.3B
2023: $4.1B
2024: $5.3B
2025: $5.7B
$0$2.0B$4.0B
08
11
18
21
24

Net income

2008: $131.8M
2009: $131.1M
2010: $130.8M
2011: $157.0M
2016: $315.6M
2017: $318.8M
2018: $363.6M
2019: $436.5M
2020: $395.5M
2021: $359.5M
2022: $869.4M
2023: $872.3M
2024: $860.8M
2025: $1.1B
$0$500.0M$1.0B
08
11
18
21
24

Free cash flow

2008: $246.2M
2009: $226.7M
2010: $243.4M
2011: $294.8M
2016: $786.4M
2017: $860.6M
2018: $915.4M
2019: $1.0B
2020: $1.1B
2021: $1.3B
2022: $2.5B
2023: $2.9B
2024: $3.5B
2025: $3.9B
$0$1.0B$2.0B$3.0B
08
11
18
21
24

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2008: 205.0M
2009: 209.8M
2010: 214.6M
2011: 255.6M
2016: 255.6M
2017: 273.9M
2018: 289.9M
2019: 316.2M
2020: 345.4M
2021: 414.8M
2022: 612.2M
2023: 693.0M
2024: 863.8M
2025: 908.3M
0250.0M500.0M750.0M
08
11
18
21
24

Margins

20%40%60%80%08101618202224
Net marginFCF margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2008: $169.7M
2009: $178.0M
2010: $182.5M
2011: $219.3M
2016: $610.5M
2017: $689.3M
2018: $761.6M
2019: $852.1M
2020: $964.2M
2021: $1.2B
2022: $1.8B
2023: $2.1B
2024: $2.7B
2025: $2.9B
$0$1.0B$2.0B
08
11
18
21
24

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$2.0B$4.0B08101618202224
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $1.0B
Q3'23: $1.0B
Q4'23: $1.1B
Q1'24: $1.3B
Q2'24: $1.3B
Q3'24: $1.3B
Q4'24: $1.3B
Q1'25: $1.4B
Q2'25: $1.4B
Q3'25: $1.5B
Q4'25: $1.5B
Q1'26: $1.5B
Q2'26: $1.5B
$0$500.0M$1.0B$1.5B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: $195.4M
Q3'23: $233.5M
Q4'23: $218.4M
Q1'24: $132.3M
Q2'24: $259.4M
Q3'24: $269.5M
Q4'24: $199.6M
Q1'25: $249.8M
Q2'25: $196.9M
Q3'25: $315.8M
Q4'25: $296.1M
Q1'26: $320.9M
Q2'26: $370.5M
$0$100.0M$200.0M$300.0M
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$1.5B+9.7%$370.5M+88.2%0.37$1.1B
Q1'26$1.5B+12.2%$320.9M+28.5%0.33$874.5M
Q4'25 *$1.5B+11.0%$296.1M+48.3%0.32$1.2B
Q3'25$1.5B+10.5%$315.8M+17.2%0.35$943.1M
Q2'25$1.4B+5.3%$196.9M−24.1%0.22$1.1B
Q1'25$1.4B+9.5%$249.8M+88.8%0.28$787.5M
Q4'24 *$1.3B+24.5%$199.6M−8.6%0.23$972.0M
Q3'24$1.3B+28.1%$269.5M+15.4%0.30$841.5M
Q2'24$1.3B+31.4%$259.4M+32.7%0.29$981.2M
Q1'24$1.3B+33.5%$132.3M−41.2%0.16$778.7M
Q4'23 *$1.1B+21.1%$218.4M−3.9%0.30$760.7M
Q3'23$1.0B+24.1%$233.5M+6.3%0.33$732.0M
Q2'23$1.0B+25.8%$195.4M−12.5%0.29$734.9M

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+19.8%+28.4%+20.5%+20.7%
Operating cash flow+15.9%+29.1%+20.3%+20.5%
Free cash flow+16.1%+28.4%+20.2%+20.2%
EPS (diluted)−6.3%+0.5%+6.0%+5.9%
Equity+11.2%+29.1%+22.7%+22.6%
LT debt+17.8%+17.8%
Diluted shares+14.1%+21.3%+9.5%+10.1%
Stock price+9.9%+3.1%+4.7%+9.4%

$100, 3 years ago

$133vs $176 in SPY

9.9% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$116vs $181 in SPY

3.1% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$159vs $412 in SPY

4.7% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$383vs $813 in SPY

9.4% vs 15.0%/yr

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

10.1%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

6.7%

MC vs 10× OCF

1.50

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

SBC / FCF

0.8%

Owner earnings

$3.8B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

6.4%

Share count 5y

+9.2%

per year; negative = buybacks

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 200.1% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 10.0% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 20.0% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

18 of 24 checks pass · 75%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

6/7

  • Revenue growth

    28.4% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    0.5% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    fail
  • FCF growth

    28.4% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Revenue rises consistently

    9 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    pass
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    10 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    29.1% vs 28.4% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    pass

Profitability

3/5

  • Net margin

    18.4% · ≥ 8%

    pass
  • Operating margin

    · ≥ 10%

    na
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    2.7% · ≥ 12%

    fail
  • Cash ROIC

    10.1% · ≥ 12%

    fail
  • FCF margin

    67.2% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $4.0B vs NI $1.1B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    pass

Balance Sheet

4/4

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    no debt · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    pass
  • Cash cushion

    · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    pass
  • Leverage

    · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    pass
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $39.4B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    na

Capital Allocation

2/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    9.2% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    fail
  • Stock comp restrained

    1% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    pass
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    76% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    0 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    fail

Valuation Discipline

3/4

  • FCF yield

    6.5% · ≥ 3%

    pass
  • Earnings multiple

    56.5 · P/E ≤ 25

    fail
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    4.2% vs 20.2% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    pass
  • Shareholder yield

    4.9% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    pass

Red flags

Mechanical checks — a flag is a question to investigate, not a verdict

Shareholder dilution

Diluted share count has grown by more than 2% per year over ~5 years.

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
20255,7491,0591.173,9951323,8632,9213143539,439908
20245,2718610.983,5731213,4522,6925744538,841864
20234,0798721.262,959692,8902,1122623332,941693
20223,3448691.422,564962,4681,8132217128,713612
20212,0803590.871,322191,3031,1694225925,053415
20201,6473951.141,11691,1079641782410,985345
20191,4884361.381,069241,04585214549,774316
20181,3283641.269412591576227108,089290
20171,2163191.10876158616891477,372274
20161,1033161.13800137866111293,9756,767256
20114211570.52299429521981,7502,255256
20103431310.5024324318361,847215
200932313122722717851,488210
200832513224624617051,555205

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.