MMarketMath

MA

StalwartQuality: High (92/100)

Mastercard · Financials · Transaction & Payment Processing Services

$599.86

52w 464.52 – 601.62

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$73.5B

P/E

4.8

P/FCF

4.1

FCF yield

24.1%

ROE

193.5%

Shldr yield

20.4%

div 3.9% + bb 16.5%

What today's price assumes

At $73.5B, the market is pricing in -15.1% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew 15.9% per year — expectations look undemanding relative to history.

Simple DCF per-share range: $2,134 · $4,788 · $6,368 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 30.5× across 19 years, MA would trade near $4,391/share (25th–75th percentile: $3,193–$5,003); it trades at 4.2× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+13.8%

Rev 5y

+6.8%

Rev 10y

+13.0%

EPS 5y

+21.0%

EPS 10y

+17.3%

FCF 5y

+20.0%

FCF 10y

+15.9%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2007–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2007: $4.1B
2008: $5.0B
2009: $5.1B
2010: $5.5B
2011: $6.7B
2012: $7.4B
2013: $8.3B
2014: $9.5B
2015: $9.7B
2016: $10.8B
2017: $12.5B
2018: $21.8B
2019: $25.0B
2020: $23.6B
2021: $29.8B
2022: $22.2B
2023: $25.1B
2024: $28.2B
2025: $32.8B
$0$10.0B$20.0B$30.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Net income

2007: $1.1B
2008: −$254.0M
2009: $1.5B
2010: $1.8B
2011: $1.9B
2012: $2.8B
2013: $3.1B
2014: $3.6B
2015: $3.8B
2016: $4.1B
2017: $3.9B
2018: $5.9B
2019: $8.1B
2020: $6.4B
2021: $8.7B
2022: $9.9B
2023: $11.2B
2024: $12.9B
2025: $15.0B
$0$5.0B$10.0B$15.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Free cash flow

2007: $688.3M
2008: $337.0M
2009: $1.3B
2010: $1.6B
2011: $2.6B
2012: $2.9B
2013: $4.0B
2014: $3.2B
2015: $3.9B
2016: $4.4B
2017: $5.4B
2018: $5.9B
2019: $7.8B
2020: $6.9B
2021: $9.1B
2022: $10.8B
2023: $11.6B
2024: $14.3B
2025: $17.2B
$0$5.0B$10.0B$15.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2007: 1.3B
2008: 1.3B
2009: 1.3B
2010: 1.3B
2011: 1.3B
2012: 1.3B
2013: 1.2B
2014: 1.2B
2015: 1.1B
2016: 1.1B
2017: 1.1B
2018: 1.0B
2019: 1.0B
2020: 1.0B
2021: 992.0M
2022: 971.0M
2023: 946.0M
2024: 927.0M
2025: 906.0M
0500.0M1.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Margins

0%20%40%07101316192225
Net marginFCF marginGross margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2007: $674.5M
2008: $728.0M
2009: $79.0M
2010: $79.0M
2011: $1.2B
2012: $1.9B
2013: $2.7B
2014: $3.9B
2015: $4.2B
2016: $4.3B
2017: $4.7B
2018: $6.0B
2019: $7.8B
2020: $6.1B
2021: $7.6B
2022: $10.7B
2023: $11.2B
2024: $13.4B
2025: $14.5B
$0$5.0B$10.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$10.0B07101316192225
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $6.3B
Q3'23: $6.5B
Q4'23: $6.5B
Q1'24: $6.3B
Q2'24: $7.0B
Q3'24: $7.4B
Q4'24: $7.5B
Q1'25: $7.3B
Q2'25: $8.1B
Q3'25: $8.6B
Q4'25: $8.8B
Q1'26: $8.4B
Q2'26: $9.3B
$0$2.5B$5.0B$7.5B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: $2.8B
Q3'23: $3.2B
Q4'23: $2.8B
Q1'24: $3.0B
Q2'24: $3.3B
Q3'24: $3.3B
Q4'24: $3.3B
Q1'25: $3.3B
Q2'25: $3.7B
Q3'25: $3.9B
Q4'25: $4.1B
Q1'26: $3.9B
Q2'26: $4.4B
$0$2.0B$4.0B
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$9.3B+14.1%$4.4B+18.6%4.97$3.8B
Q1'26$8.4B+15.8%$3.9B+18.4%4.35$3.0B
Q4'25 *$8.8B+17.6%$4.1B+21.5%4.52$5.0B
Q3'25$8.6B+16.7%$3.9B+20.3%4.34$5.7B
Q2'25$8.1B+16.8%$3.7B+13.6%4.07$4.6B
Q1'25$7.3B+14.2%$3.3B+8.9%3.59$2.4B
Q4'24 *$7.5B+14.4%$3.3B+19.7%3.64$4.8B
Q3'24$7.4B+12.8%$3.3B+2.0%3.53$5.1B
Q2'24$7.0B+11.0%$3.3B+14.5%3.50$3.1B
Q1'24$6.3B+10.4%$3.0B+27.5%3.22$1.7B
Q4'23 *$6.5B$2.8B+10.5%2.97$4.1B
Q3'23$6.5B−28.7%$3.2B+28.0%3.39$3.2B
Q2'23$6.3B−28.0%$2.8B+25.1%3.00$2.7B

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+13.8%+6.8%+13.0%+12.6%
Operating cash flow+16.4%+19.6%+15.7%+16.9%
Free cash flow+16.9%+20.0%+15.9%+17.0%
EPS (diluted)+17.4%+21.0%+17.3%+17.7%
Equity+7.1%+3.9%+2.5%+2.7%
LT debt+9.9%+8.7%+18.8%+52.2%
Diluted shares−2.3%−2.1%−2.2%−2.3%
Stock price+14.0%+12.3%+20.7%+22.0%

$100, 3 years ago

$148vs $176 in SPY

14.0% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$178vs $181 in SPY

12.3% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$658vs $412 in SPY

20.7% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$1,980vs $813 in SPY

22.0% vs 15.0%/yr

The $1 test — market value created per $1 of earnings retained (Buffett's hurdle: at least $1)

Last 5 years

$3.82

$178.3B created / $46.6B retained

Last 10 years

$5.65

$391.4B created / $69.2B retained

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

67.9%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

22.4%

MC vs 10× OCF

0.40

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

1.1y

SBC / FCF

3.5%

Owner earnings

$16.6B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

23.3%

Share count 5y

−2.1%

per year; negative = buybacks

Capital intensity

7.0%

net PP&E ÷ revenue

Sales efficiency

$0.04

new PP&E per $1 new revenue, 5y

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 10.9% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 146.4% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 16.0% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

25 of 26 checks pass · 96%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

7/7

  • Revenue growth

    6.8% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    21.0% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • FCF growth

    20.0% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Revenue rises consistently

    7 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    pass
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    10 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    19.6% vs 6.8% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    pass

Profitability

6/6

  • Net margin

    45.6% · ≥ 8%

    pass
  • Operating margin

    57.6% · ≥ 10%

    pass
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    193.5% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • Cash ROIC

    67.9% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • FCF margin

    52.3% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $17.6B vs NI $15.0B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    pass

Balance Sheet

4/5

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    1.1y · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    pass
  • Cash cushion

    58% · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    pass
  • Leverage

    2.36 · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    fail
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $7.7B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    4% · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    pass

Capital Allocation

4/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    -2.1% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    pass
  • Stock comp restrained

    3% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    pass
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    84% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    10 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    pass

Valuation Discipline

4/4

  • FCF yield

    24.1% · ≥ 3%

    pass
  • Earnings multiple

    4.8 · P/E ≤ 25

    pass
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    -15.1% vs 15.9% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    pass
  • Shareholder yield

    20.4% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    pass

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
202532,79118,89714,96816.5217,64848917,1592,75611,72759710,56618,2517,737906
202428,16715,58212,87413.8914,78047414,3062,44810,9545268,44217,4766,485927
202325,09814,00811,19511.8311,98037111,6092,1589,0324608,58814,3446,929946
202222,23712,2649,93010.2211,19544210,7531,9038,7532957,00813,7496,298971
202129,84510,0828,6878.769,4634079,0561,7415,9042737,42113,1097,312992
202023,6168,0816,4116.377,2243396,8851,6054,47325410,11312,0236,3911,006
201924,9809,6648,1187.948,1834227,7611,3456,4972506,9888,5275,8931,022
201821,8317,2825,8595.606,2233305,8931,0444,9331966,6825,8345,3951,047
201712,4976,6223,9153.655,6643005,3649423,7621765,9335,4245,4681,072
201610,7765,7614,0593.694,6372154,4228373,5111496,7215,1805,6561,101
20159,6675,0783,8083.354,1011773,9247273,5181225,7473,2686,0281,137
20149,4735,1063,6173.103,4071753,2325153,386-155,1371,4946,7901,169
20138,3464,5033,1162.564,1351553,9802552,443633,59907,4841,215
20127,3913,9372,7592.192,948962,8521321,74802,0526,9171,258
20116,7142,7131,9061.482,684772,607771,148353,7345,8681,284
20105,5392,7521,8461.431,697611,636790633,0675,2051,284
20095,0992,2601,4631.141,378571,321790882,055223,5041,274
20084,992-534-254-0.204137633779649611,505191,9271,274
20074,0681,1081,0860.817708268874601581,6593,0321,325

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.