MMarketMath

LLY

Fast growerQuality: High (90/100)

Lilly (Eli) · Health Care · Pharmaceuticals

$1,246.93

52w 694.23 – 1,292.65

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$1.17T

P/E

57.3

P/FCF

70.3

FCF yield

1.4%

ROE

77.8%

Shldr yield

0.8%

div 0.5% + bb 0.3%

What today's price assumes

At $1.17T, the market is pricing in 24.9% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew 19.0% per year — the price asks for acceleration beyond the historical record.

Simple DCF per-share range: $272 · $611 · $880 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 17.4× across 18 years, LLY would trade near $311/share (25th–75th percentile: $147–$514); it trades at 69.8× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+31.7%

Rev 5y

+21.6%

Rev 10y

+12.6%

EPS 5y

+27.6%

EPS 10y

+26.1%

FCF 5y

+20.9%

FCF 10y

+19.0%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2007–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2007: $18.6B
2008: $20.4B
2009: $21.8B
2010: $23.1B
2011: $24.3B
2012: $22.6B
2013: $23.1B
2014: $19.6B
2015: $20.0B
2016: $21.2B
2017: $20.0B
2018: $21.5B
2019: $22.3B
2020: $24.5B
2021: $28.3B
2022: $28.5B
2023: $34.1B
2024: $45.0B
2025: $65.2B
$0$20.0B$40.0B$60.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Net income

2007: $3.0B
2008: −$2.1B
2009: $4.3B
2010: $5.1B
2011: $4.3B
2012: $4.1B
2013: $4.7B
2014: $2.4B
2015: $2.4B
2016: $2.7B
2017: −$204.1M
2018: $3.2B
2019: $8.3B
2020: $6.2B
2021: $5.6B
2022: $6.2B
2023: $5.2B
2024: $10.6B
2025: $20.6B
$0$10.0B$20.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Free cash flow

2007: $5.2B
2008: $7.3B
2009: $4.3B
2010: $6.9B
2011: $7.2B
2012: $5.3B
2013: $5.7B
2014: $4.5B
2015: $3.0B
2016: $4.9B
2017: $5.6B
2018: $5.5B
2019: $4.8B
2020: $6.5B
2021: $7.4B
2022: $7.6B
2023: $4.2B
2024: $8.8B
2025: $16.8B
$0$5.0B$10.0B$15.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2008: 1.1B
2009: 1.1B
2010: 1.1B
2011: 1.1B
2012: 1.1B
2013: 1.1B
2014: 1.1B
2015: 1.1B
2016: 1.1B
2017: 1.1B
2018: 1.0B
2019: 935.7M
2020: 912.5M
2021: 911.7M
2022: 904.6M
2023: 903.3M
2024: 904.1M
2025: 899.3M
0500.0M1.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Margins

0%20%40%07101316192225
Net marginFCF margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2007: $1.9B
2008: $2.1B
2009: $2.2B
2010: $2.2B
2011: $2.2B
2012: $2.9B
2013: $3.8B
2014: $2.9B
2015: $2.9B
2016: $2.8B
2017: $2.5B
2018: $6.5B
2019: $6.8B
2020: $3.2B
2021: $4.3B
2022: $5.0B
2023: $4.8B
2024: $7.2B
2025: $9.5B
$0$2.5B$5.0B$7.5B
07
11
15
19
23

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$20.0B$40.0B07101316192225
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $8.3B
Q3'23: $9.5B
Q4'23: $9.4B
Q1'24: $8.8B
Q2'24: $11.3B
Q3'24: $11.4B
Q4'24: $13.5B
Q1'25: $12.7B
Q2'25: $15.6B
Q3'25: $17.6B
Q4'25: $19.3B
Q1'26: $19.8B
Q2'26: $23.0B
$0$10.0B$20.0B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: $1.8B
Q3'23: −$57.4M
Q4'23: $2.2B
Q1'24: $2.2B
Q2'24: $3.0B
Q3'24: $970.3M
Q4'24: $4.4B
Q1'25: $2.8B
Q2'25: $5.7B
Q3'25: $5.6B
Q4'25: $6.6B
Q1'26: $7.4B
Q2'26: $7.1B
$0$2.0B$4.0B$6.0B
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$23.0B+47.7%$7.1B+25.3%7.94$10.7B
Q1'26$19.8B+55.5%$7.4B+168.1%8.26$5.3B
Q4'25 *$19.3B+42.5%$6.6B+50.5%7.39$3.2B
Q3'25$17.6B+53.9%$5.6B+475.3%6.21$8.8B
Q2'25$15.6B+37.6%$5.7B+90.8%6.29$3.1B
Q1'25$12.7B+45.2%$2.8B+23.0%3.06$1.7B
Q4'24 *$13.5B+44.7%$4.4B+101.4%4.88$2.5B
Q3'24$11.4B+20.4%$970.3M1.07$3.7B
Q2'24$11.3B+36.0%$3.0B+68.3%3.28$1.5B
Q1'24$8.8B+26.0%$2.2B+66.8%2.48$1.2B
Q4'23 *$9.4B+28.1%$2.2B+13.0%2.42−$312.0M
Q3'23$9.5B+36.8%−$57.4M−104.0%-0.06$2.2B
Q2'23$8.3B+28.1%$1.8B+85.1%1.95$631.9M

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+31.7%+21.6%+12.6%+7.2%
Operating cash flow+30.4%+20.9%+19.0%+6.2%
Free cash flow+30.4%+20.9%+19.0%+6.2%
EPS (diluted)+49.3%+27.6%+26.1%+11.3%
Equity+35.6%+36.3%+6.2%+5.2%
LT debt+40.5%+19.8%+17.8%+12.7%
Diluted shares−0.2%−0.3%−1.7%−1.4%
Stock price+31.9%+38.2%+34.0%+29.1%

$100, 3 years ago

$229vs $176 in SPY

31.9% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$504vs $181 in SPY

38.2% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$1,873vs $412 in SPY

34.0% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$4,622vs $813 in SPY

29.1% vs 15.0%/yr

The $1 test — market value created per $1 of earnings retained (Buffett's hurdle: at least $1)

Last 5 years

$27.23

$750.1B created / $27.5B retained

Last 10 years

$23.82

$858.8B created / $36.1B retained

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

24.9%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

1.4%

MC vs 10× OCF

7.03

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

2.4y

SBC / FCF

3.7%

Owner earnings

$16.2B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

1.4%

Share count 5y

−1.1%

per year; negative = buybacks

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 92.7% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 24.8% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 23.0% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

17 of 24 checks pass · 71%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

7/7

  • Revenue growth

    21.6% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    27.6% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • FCF growth

    20.9% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Revenue rises consistently

    8 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    pass
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    9 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    20.9% vs 21.6% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    pass

Profitability

4/5

  • Net margin

    31.7% · ≥ 8%

    pass
  • Operating margin

    · ≥ 10%

    na
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    na
  • Return on equity

    77.8% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • Cash ROIC

    24.9% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • FCF margin

    25.8% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $16.8B vs NI $20.6B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    fail

Balance Sheet

2/4

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    2.4y · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    pass
  • Cash cushion

    18% · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    fail
  • Leverage

    1.54 · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    fail
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $26.5B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    na

Capital Allocation

4/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    -1.1% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    pass
  • Stock comp restrained

    4% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    pass
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    56% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    pass
  • Repurchases are a habit

    10 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    pass

Valuation Discipline

0/4

  • FCF yield

    1.4% · ≥ 3%

    fail
  • Earnings multiple

    57.3 · P/E ≤ 25

    fail
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    24.9% vs 19.0% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    fail
  • Shareholder yield

    0.8% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    fail

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
202565,17920,64022.9516,81316,8135,3844,1086267,26840,86826,535899
202445,04310,59011.718,8188,8184,6802,5006463,26828,52714,272904
202334,1245,2405.804,2404,2404,0697506292,81918,32110,772903
202228,5416,2456.907,5867,5863,5361,5003712,06714,73810,650905
202128,3185,5826.127,3667,3663,0871,2503433,81915,3468,979912
202024,5406,1946.796,5006,5002,6875003083,65716,5875,642913
201922,3208,3188.894,8374,8372,4104,4003122,33813,8182,607936
201821,4933,2323.135,5255,5252,3124,1512807,3219,1969,8291,034
201719,974-204-0.195,6165,6162,1923002816,5369,94111,5921,052
201621,2222,7382.584,8514,8512,1596002554,5828,36814,0081,062
201519,9592,4082.262,9652,9652,1277502183,6667,97214,5711,066
201419,6162,3912.234,4584,4582,1018001563,8725,33315,3731,074
201323,1134,6854.325,7355,7352,1211,6981453,8304,20017,6311,085
201222,6034,0893.665,3055,3052,1877211424,0195,51914,7651,117
201124,2874,3483.907,2357,2352,18001475,9235,46513,5421,114
201023,0765,0704.586,8576,8572,16502315,9936,77112,4201,106
200921,8364,3293.944,3364,3362,1523694,4636,6359,5251,098
200820,372-2,072-1.897,2967,2962,0572555,4974,6166,7381,094
200718,6342,9535,1555,1551,854-2823,221

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.