MMarketMath

GWW

StalwartQuality: High (82/100)1 red flag

W. W. Grainger · Industrials · Industrial Machinery & Supplies & Components

$1,321.90

52w 906.52 – 1,419.91

20y monthly, adjusted

Mkt cap

$62.3B

P/E

35.9

P/FCF

46.0

FCF yield

2.2%

ROE

45.7%

Shldr yield

2.5%

div 0.8% + bb 1.7%

What today's price assumes

At $62.3B, the market is pricing in 19.1% annual free-cash-flow growth for the next decade (10% discount rate, 2.5% terminal growth). Over the last ten years, FCF actually grew 7.2% per year — the price asks for acceleration beyond the historical record.

Simple DCF per-share range: $431 · $546 · $680 (4% / base / optimistic growth). An estimate, not a target.

Adjust the assumptions yourself →

Historical multiple lens

At its own median P/OCF of 14.3× across 19 years, GWW would trade near $613/share (25th–75th percentile: $545–$814); it trades at 30.9× today.

Assumes the historical multiple regime persists — re-ratings can be permanent.

Growth record

Compound annual growth rates from as-filed 10-K data, split-adjusted

Rev 3y

+5.6%

Rev 5y

+8.7%

Rev 10y

+6.0%

EPS 5y

+22.5%

EPS 10y

+11.8%

FCF 5y

+7.5%

FCF 10y

+7.2%

Fundamentals

Fiscal 2007–2025, from SEC filings

Revenue

2007: $6.4B
2008: $6.9B
2009: $6.2B
2010: $7.2B
2011: $8.1B
2012: $9.0B
2013: $9.4B
2014: $10.0B
2015: $10.0B
2016: $10.1B
2017: $10.4B
2018: $11.2B
2019: $11.5B
2020: $11.8B
2021: $13.0B
2022: $15.2B
2023: $16.5B
2024: $17.2B
2025: $17.9B
$0$5.0B$10.0B$15.0B
07
11
15
19
23

Net income

2007: $420.1M
2008: $475.4M
2009: $430.5M
2010: $510.9M
2011: $658.4M
2012: $689.9M
2013: $797.0M
2014: $801.7M
2015: $769.0M
2016: $606.0M
2017: $586.0M
2018: $782.0M
2019: $849.0M
2020: $695.0M
2021: $1.0B
2022: $1.5B
2023: $1.8B
2024: $1.9B
2025: $1.7B
$0$500.0M$1.0B$1.5B
07
11
15
19
23

Free cash flow

2007: $666.3M
2008: $725.0M
2009: $590.0M
2010: $469.3M
2011: $549.2M
2012: $566.3M
2013: $714.4M
2014: $572.4M
2015: $662.2M
2016: $740.0M
2017: $820.0M
2018: $818.0M
2019: $821.0M
2020: $926.0M
2021: $682.0M
2022: $1.1B
2023: $1.6B
2024: $1.6B
2025: $1.3B
$0$500.0M$1.0B$1.5B
07
11
15
19
23

Diluted shares (lower is better)

2007: 84.2M
2008: 77.9M
2009: 74.9M
2010: 72.1M
2011: 71.2M
2012: 71.2M
2013: 70.6M
2014: 69.2M
2015: 65.8M
2016: 60.8M
2017: 58.0M
2018: 56.5M
2019: 54.9M
2020: 53.7M
2021: 52.2M
2022: 51.1M
2023: 50.1M
2024: 49.0M
2025: 48.0M
025.0M50.0M75.0M
07
11
15
19
23

Margins

20%40%07101316192225
Net marginFCF marginGross margin

Capital returned (dividends + buybacks)

2007: $760.4M
2008: $515.8M
2009: $507.4M
2010: $657.1M
2011: $331.6M
2012: $560.6M
2013: $693.9M
2014: $816.5M
2015: $1.7B
2016: $1.1B
2017: $909.0M
2018: $741.0M
2019: $1.0B
2020: $939.0M
2021: $1.1B
2022: $973.0M
2023: $1.2B
2024: $1.6B
2025: $1.5B
$0$500.0M$1.0B$1.5B
07
11
15
19
23

Cash vs long-term debt

$0$1.0B$2.0B07101316192225
CashLT debt

Quarterly

Discrete quarters from 10-Q filings; Q4 derived as fiscal year minus Q1–Q3. OCF is unwound from the year-to-date figures 10-Qs report. Compare to the same quarter a year ago — most businesses are seasonal.

Revenue by quarter

Q2'23: $4.2B
Q3'23: $4.2B
Q4'23: $4.0B
Q1'24: $4.2B
Q2'24: $4.3B
Q3'24: $4.4B
Q4'24: $4.2B
Q1'25: $4.3B
Q2'25: $4.6B
Q3'25: $4.7B
Q4'25: $4.4B
Q1'26: $4.7B
Q2'26: $5.0B
$0$2.0B$4.0B
23
24
24
25
26

Net income by quarter

Q2'23: $470.0M
Q3'23: $476.0M
Q4'23: $395.0M
Q1'24: $478.0M
Q2'24: $470.0M
Q3'24: $486.0M
Q4'24: $475.0M
Q1'25: $479.0M
Q2'25: $482.0M
Q3'25: $294.0M
Q4'25: $451.0M
Q1'26: $555.0M
Q2'26: $570.0M
$0$200.0M$400.0M
23
24
24
25
26
QuarterRevenueYoYNet incomeYoYEPSOCF
Q2'26$5.0B+10.3%$570.0M+18.3%12.01$444.0M
Q1'26$4.7B+10.1%$555.0M+15.9%11.65$739.0M
Q4'25 *$4.4B+4.5%$451.0M−5.1%9.45$395.0M
Q3'25$4.7B+6.1%$294.0M−39.5%6.12$597.0M
Q2'25$4.6B+5.6%$482.0M+2.6%9.97$377.0M
Q1'25$4.3B+1.7%$479.0M+0.2%9.86$646.0M
Q4'24 *$4.2B+5.9%$475.0M+20.3%9.71$428.0M
Q3'24$4.4B+4.3%$486.0M+2.1%9.87$611.0M
Q2'24$4.3B+3.1%$470.0M0.0%9.51$411.0M
Q1'24$4.2B+3.5%$478.0M−2.0%9.62$661.0M
Q4'23 *$4.0B+5.1%$395.0M+2.9%7.91$604.0M
Q3'23$4.2B+6.7%$476.0M+11.7%9.43$523.0M
Q2'23$4.2B+9.0%$470.0M+26.7%9.28$450.0M

Track record

Compound annual growth by period. For debt and share count, negative is the good direction.

Series3y5y10y15y
Revenue+5.6%+8.7%+6.0%+6.3%
Operating cash flow+14.8%+12.4%+6.9%+8.5%
Free cash flow+7.3%+7.5%+7.2%+7.2%
EPS (diluted)+5.6%+22.5%+11.8%+11.5%
Equity+15.3%+15.4%+5.1%+3.6%
LT debt+1.1%−0.2%+5.5%+12.2%
Diluted shares−2.1%−2.2%−3.1%−2.7%
Stock price+23.7%+26.2%+20.8%+17.2%

$100, 3 years ago

$189vs $176 in SPY

23.7% vs 20.7%/yr

$100, 5 years ago

$320vs $181 in SPY

26.2% vs 12.6%/yr

$100, 10 years ago

$663vs $412 in SPY

20.8% vs 15.2%/yr

$100, 15 years ago

$1,083vs $813 in SPY

17.2% vs 15.0%/yr

The $1 test — market value created per $1 of earnings retained (Buffett's hurdle: at least $1)

Last 5 years

$5.51

$33.2B created / $6.0B retained

Last 10 years

$5.11

$40.6B created / $8.0B retained

Quality & capital discipline

Cash-based returns and how management deploys capital

Cash ROIC

33.0%

OCF ÷ (equity + debt)

OCF / EV yield

3.2%

MC vs 10× OCF

3.04

≤1 = priced under 10× OCF

Debt / FCF

1.8y

SBC / FCF

4.8%

Owner earnings

$1.3B

OCF − capex − SBC

OE yield

2.1%

Share count 5y

−3.1%

per year; negative = buybacks

Capital intensity

12.6%

net PP&E ÷ revenue

Sales efficiency

$0.14

new PP&E per $1 new revenue, 5y

Growth engine (5y): reinvested 22.3% of operating cash flow at an incremental return of 47.4% — an organically fundable growth rate of about 10.6% per year (growth ≈ reinvestment rate × incremental ROIC).

Checklist

22 of 27 checks pass · 81%. Checks with structurally missing inputs are excluded.

Growth & Consistency

7/7

  • Revenue growth

    8.7% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • EPS growth

    22.5% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • FCF growth

    7.5% · 5y CAGR ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Revenue rises consistently

    9 of 9 · up in ≥ 7 of last 10 years

    pass
  • FCF consistently positive

    10 of 10 · positive in ≥ 8 of last 10 years

    pass
  • Profitable every year

    10 of 10 · net income > 0 in ≥ 8 of last 10

    pass
  • Cash flow keeps up with sales

    12.4% vs 8.7% · OCF CAGR ≥ 0.9× revenue CAGR

    pass

Profitability

7/7

  • Net margin

    9.5% · ≥ 8%

    pass
  • Operating margin

    13.9% · ≥ 10%

    pass
  • Gross margin stable or rising

    39.1% vs 38.4% · no drop > 2 pts over 3y

    pass
  • Return on equity

    45.7% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • Cash ROIC

    33.0% · ≥ 12%

    pass
  • FCF margin

    7.4% · ≥ 5%

    pass
  • Earnings back their cash

    OCF $2.0B vs NI $1.7B · OCF ≥ net income (latest FY)

    pass

Balance Sheet

4/5

  • Debt payable from cash flow

    1.8y · LT debt ≤ 3× FCF

    pass
  • Cash cushion

    25% · cash ≥ 50% of LT debt

    fail
  • Leverage

    0.63 · LT debt ≤ 1.5× equity

    pass
  • Equity positive and compounding

    $3.7B · equity > 0 and grew over ~5y

    pass
  • Interest burden

    3% · interest ≤ 15% of operating income

    pass

Capital Allocation

3/4

  • Share count flat or shrinking

    -3.1% · ≤ +0.5%/yr over ~5y

    pass
  • Stock comp restrained

    5% · SBC ≤ 15% of FCF

    pass
  • Distributions funded by FCF

    114% · dividends + buybacks ≤ 100% of FCF

    fail
  • Repurchases are a habit

    10 of 10 · buybacks in ≥ 5 of last 10 years

    pass

Valuation Discipline

1/4

  • FCF yield

    2.2% · ≥ 3%

    fail
  • Earnings multiple

    35.9 · P/E ≤ 25

    fail
  • Price asks less than history delivered

    19.1% vs 7.2% · implied FCF growth ≤ historical FCF CAGR

    fail
  • Shareholder yield

    2.5% · dividends + buybacks ≥ 2% of market cap

    pass

Red flags

Mechanical checks — a flag is a question to investigate, not a verdict

Distributions exceed FCF

Dividends plus buybacks exceeded free cash flow in the latest fiscal year.

Financial data

As filed in 10-Ks; per-share figures split-adjusted. $ in millions.

FYRevenueGross profitOp incomeNet incomeEPSOCFCapExFCFDividendsBuybacksSBCCashLT debtEquityShares
202517,9427,0092,4951,70635.402,0156841,3314671,045645852,3623,73648
202417,1686,7582,6371,90938.712,1115411,5704211,201621,0362,2793,35849
202316,4786,4962,5651,82936.232,0314451,586392850626602,2663,11550
202215,2285,8492,2151,54730.061,3332561,077370603483252,2842,44051
202113,0224,7201,5471,04319.84937255682357695422412,3621,87452
202011,7974,2381,01969512.821,123197926338601465852,3891,82854
201911,4864,3971,26284915.321,042221821328700403601,9141,85555
201811,2214,3481,15878213.731,057239818316425475382,0901,92157
201710,4254,0981,03558610.021,057237820304605333272,2481,69058
201610,1374,1151,1136069.871,024284740303790362741,8411,79861
20159,9734,2311,30076911.581,0363746623061,400472901,3882,26766
20149,9654,3141,34780211.45960387572291525492274033,21069
20139,4384,1361,29779711.13986272714255438564314463,25071
20128,9503,9161,1316909.52816250566220341564524673,02471
20118,0783,5111,0526589.07746197549181151543351752,62971
20107,1823,0068605116.93596127469152505503134202,20572
20096,2222,5996654305.62732142590135373434604382,16475
20086,8502,8087834755.97530-195725122394483964882,03478
20076,4182,6046714204.91469-197666-113-6473611352,09884

Some concepts are structurally absent for certain industries (banks report no gross profit or capex). Missing ≠ zero.